Background & Aims: Marriage is not only effective in a person's physical and mental health, but also plays an important role in a person's entry into adulthood. The aim of the present study was to predict attitudes towards marriage based on sexual experience and identity styles of female students at the University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional-correlational study, and the statistical population of this study is single female medical students living in the dormitory of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, whose number was approximately 150. Based on the Morgan table, a sample of 110 people was randomly selected. The research tools included the Bratton and Rosen (1998) Attitudes to Marriage Questionnaire and the Marcia Identity Style Questionnaire (1966) as quoted by Berzonsky (2003), and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The results obtained using regression showed that there is a positive relationship between attitudes towards marriage and normative and commitment identity styles (p<0.05). There is a negative relationship between attitudes towards marriage and confused-avoidant identity style (p<0.05). There is no relationship between attitudes towards marriage and informational identity styles (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that attitudes towards marriage can be predicted based on students' identity styles. It is recommended that workshops and seminars on attitudes toward marriage be conducted at the university level to aid students in developing a rational perspective on marriage.

The problem of personal identity among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic problem of personal identity raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the identity of the person over time. The synchronic problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for personal identity over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for personal identity; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving personal identity through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of personal identity? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of personal identity, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological approach and physiological approach to the problem of personal identity. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative approach— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic approach to the problem of personal identity.

Gender identity includes individual sense of being male or female personality, which will has been typically figured by the ages of 3 or 4 years. There are two criteria in DSM-IV  A) A strong and steady identification with opposite sex,  B) Inappropriate permanent feeling with self gender or unsuitable belief in self gender role. The frequency of this disorder have consisted various rates of 6-16% among nonformal Epidemiologic studies. In order to evaluate of this disorder, we would already consider the parents reports, behavioral methods projective techniques. Meanwhile depression, behavioral abnormality and personality disorders can be figured as co-morbidities of GID. There is no exact known relationship between sexual –orientation and sexual identification. It's been revealed bio-psycho-social etiological influenced factors in this case. On basis of Zucher, Bradly and Coates theorical models, exposed that there are usually two interactive factors which known as the major causes of gender identity disorder; a general main factor that poses dynamically among family members or in child own himself /herself. Behavioral techniques, psychoanalysis and family training can be considered as management modalities, but personal and self authorization, particularly within concern to co-morbidities an other psychosocial problems are felt so great importance.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that causes sudden deaf. In this research auditory disorders were studied in the patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Material & Method: This cross sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 107 patients with multiple sclerosis in the range of 20-45 yrs. There were not history of trauma and middle ear disease in all cases. Sampling was randomized. A complete auditory evaluation including pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, imittance audiometry and brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential were performed on patients. Finding: In pure tone audiometry 62,19% of cases had sensory neural high tone loss. In speech audiometry and imittance audiometry 18 and 31 cases were abnormal, respectively. 14,55% of cases had abnormality in BAEP. The most of abnormalities were prolonged latency of V, decrease of V/I amplitude ratio and poor reproducibility, respectively. With high rate of stimulation 57,77% of cases were abnormal. Statistical analysis showed significant difference between latency of V and stimulation rate. result & conclusion: According to findings of this research it seems that hearing evaluation is very important for follow-up and early rehabilitation of auditory disorder in patients with MS. Also auditory test battery especially BAEP with high stimulation rate are useful in the diagnosis, BAEP, High stimulation rate.